Three testing methods
Black box testing: Testers have no internal information and fully simulate external attackers. White box testing: Testers have complete internal information (source code, architecture diagram). Gray box test: Between the two, there is some internal information.
Test Process
1. Reconnaissance: Information collection (WHOIS, subdomains, public information). 2. Scanning: Port scanning, vulnerability scanning. 3. Accessing: Exploiting vulnerabilities to enter the system. 4. Maintain access: Establish backdoors and elevate privileges. 5. Report: Write a penetration testing report and provide repair recommendations.
Common Tools
Nmap (port scanning), Burp Suite (web proxy), Metasploit (vulnerability exploitation), SQLmap (SQL injection), Wireshark (traffic analysis).
Difference from vulnerability scanning
Vulnerability scanning is automated and only discovers known vulnerabilities. Penetration testing is a combination of manual labor and tools that verifies the authenticity of vulnerabilities and evaluates their impact on business. Penetration testing is more in-depth, but at a higher cost.
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